THE JOURNEY OF "INDIA" TO AUSTRALIA 1840The INDIA made a voyage to Australia leaving Greenock on 5 October 1839 bound for Port Adelaide, Port Phillip and Sydney. She arrived in Port Adelaide on 23rd February 1840 and later in Sydney on 10th May 1840. The ship was dismasted twice during the voyage. JOURNAL OF ROBERT BELL During this earlier voyage of the INDIA an Irish Immigrant, Robert Bell, travelling in the intermediate cabin kept a journal of the voyage. The precis has by necessity included only general facts of the voyage and details of a few highlights and events experienced. The full journal is very well written and contains details of daily life on board the ship. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5th October 1839 --- Set sail from Greenock in the Barque INDIA bound for Adelaide, Port Phillip and Sydney. Captain Hugh Campbell, Commander, Mr Rolston, first mate & Morrison 2nd mate. At 12 o'clock all passengers collected on the deck having their minds fully prepared to pass 4 months on the ocean, subject to all the dangers of the stormy billows & liable at any time to be cast away on some rude and inhospitable coast where savage natives live by plunder. A small steamer towed us from the quay to the middle of the Clyde where we dropped anchor prior to getting under weigh the following day. 6th Oct --- Remaining passengers came on board together with the remainder of the sailors who were quite intoxicated. Weighed anchor but made little headway. 7th Oct --- Lying at anchor in Gourock Bay. Sailors attended the rigging which being new is quite stiff. 8th Oct --- The wind contrary still. We are anxious to get out to sea. 9th Oct --- My brother William from Belfast came on board. We went ashore and dined in an eating house or caffe. Brother caught steamer back to Belfast. Walked back to Greenock. 10th Oct --- Back to Gourock in a river boat, 6d fare. This is the last time I went ashore on British soil. 11th Oct --- Wind changed in our favour. Got sail hoisted and anchor up at 10 o'clock. Pilot took command until we would pass Cummins head, about 30 miles down the Clyde from Greenock. Arrived Cummins Head about 3 o'clock and by 7 o'clock shores were almost out of sight. 12th Oct --- Wind increased and ship pitching a good deal. Most passengers being unused to the sea were squeamish and casting about in all directions. 13th Oct --- Wind still contrary, almost all are in their berths. 14th Oct --- Sea getting smooth. I had not eaten for 24 hours and sipped a bowl of broth with great relish. 15th Oct --- No change in wind. Saw Mourne Mountains in County Down in Ireland bearing NW. 16th Oct --- Sea calm, almost no wind. Isle of Man in sight almost all day. 17th Oct --- We have got abreast the County Wexford and saw the Hill of Howth in the distance. 18th Oct --- Close to wind 5 knots - abreast Bristol Channel. Saw several ships. 19th Oct --- Wind fair, going 7 knots. I was on deck when I heard a crash and on looking up saw the sails and & spars of the foremast hanging over the side. The man at the helm immediately shouted the mast is away, there are men in the water, at the same time putting the ship into the wind to stop her progress. The crew immediately commenced lowering the boat, into which the 2nd mate with 2 sailors leaped to try and save the drowning men. I heard 2 or 3 loud shrieks as the vessel past them and they rose to the surface. The last one was rather faint as it rose out of the water 20 yards astern. The boat rowed about for some time and no trace could be found of them. The carpenter and one of the boys were the sufferers & neither of them could swim. It was the fore top mast that gave way carrying with it the main top gallant mast with it. The ship exhibited a completely wrecked appearance. 20th Oct ---The men busily employed putting up a jury mast. The men are busy hauling at the capstan all day at which most of the passengers are assisting. I took a hand several times. 21st Oct --- Getting on our way to Cork, running about 7 knots. 22nd Oct --- About 10 o'clock we were running close in with the land north eastward of Cape Clear. A large London steamer passed us as we entered the harbour. The ship reached anchorage at the entrance about 4 miles from the village of Cove. 23 Oct --- We passed the lighthouse on the way into the harbour. As we proceeded the vessels riding before the town came into view. After we cast anchor boats came alongside and most of the passengers went on shore. 24th Oct --- This morning one of the small steamers is to come after breakfast to take us up to Cork for 6d each. The passage up the River Lee was very pleasant. The village of Passage, about half way stands close to the bank, at which we stopped for 2-3 minutes. About 12 o'clock we reached Cork. Four or five of us then started for the racecourse. I enjoyed the walk of 2-3 miles very much. We got a cold dinner in the wooden standhouse for 2/0 each, 2/6 with ale. Hot potatoes, cold ham, fowl & bread were the ingredients. The Victoria Hotel was our home for the evening, we got roast fowl for supper. We went to a private lodging house for beds as their own were all occupied on account of the races. 25th Oct --- On leaving the hotel we walked through the town & purchased articles that we would need on the voyage, pans & twine. I filled my pockets with apples which I thought delicious. We hired a car for 2/6 to take us to Passage and there caught the steamer back to the INDIA. 26th Oct --- 2 or 3 boats came alongside bringing chicken and geese together with pigs & sheep to make up for those that died during the rough passage of the channel. During that time regularly every day half a dozen fowl, 2 or 3 sheep & some of the pigs were thrown into the sea, having died not being able to endure the hardship of the voyage. 27th Oct --- At 12 o'clock Mr Love gave us a sermon for the first time since coming on board which was finished in an hour and a half. 28th Oct --- As the repairs to the vessel are now nearly accomplished & a fine favourable breeze is blowing from the east, we expect to make sail tomorrow. A carpenter came on board today in place of the one lost, also a boy of about 16, both natives of Cove. 29th Oct --- As the ship was now in proper sailing trim, thanks to the artisans of Cove, we began to get all things ready for sea. The sails hoisted and the anchor weighed. The INDIA as she passed out of the narrows into the offing showed a striking contrast to the appearance she presented the morning she came in. Then she appeared like a disabled wreck, now she seemed a gallant bark cutting the foam with her gallant prow. "INDIA is herself again" and well she seemed to know it. 30th Oct --- This morning on "the wide and boundless sea". There is a great swell in the ocean on account of the currents of the Bay of Biscay. 31st Oct --- The wind still strong... going our course 9 & 10 knots through the rolling waves, which increase in size as we near the centre of the Bay. 1st Nov --- The wind today is very strong. We are off Cape Ortegal in the North of Spain, 4 or 5 hundred miles from land and nearly out of the Bay. The air is now a great deal warmer than when leaving Cork. Every day there is a sensible increase of heat as we get in the 24 hours nearly 240 miles nearer the line. 2nd Nov --- Last night it blew hard from 12 o'clock. I scarcely got 10 minutes sleep on account of the violent noise of the creaking of the vessel & the waves lashing against the sides. While lying in my berth I was a good deal frightened expecting every minute to hear the crash of the mast giving way. About 7 o'clock I went on deck and there beheld the raging of the gale. The main mast which only carried reefed topsails was bending like a willow and appeared to me ready to come away. Every time the ship descended into the hollow of the sea the waves dashed over her bow & covered all the forecastle with water. At our hatchway on the main deck the water was sometimes near a foot deep when it dashed against the bulwarks. 3rd Nov --- We are now opposite Oporto but some hundreds of miles away from land. 4th Nov --- Nearly a dead calm all day. We saw 2 ships at a distance but cannot distinguish anything about them. We are opposite Lisbon wither some years ago, many of our Navy carried the flower of Britains soldiers to fight for the cause of freedom by repelling the French invader who at that time wished to add Spain and Portugal to his extended dominions, but by the bravery of my countrymen was failed in his efforts. 5th Nov --- Today the wind is against us. At present going north west. 6th Nov --- There was a great deal of lightning about 9 o'clock in the evening. At every flash the whole ocean was illuminated and the horizon was so distinct that a ship if one had been on it could have been seen as distinctly as in daytime. Every 3 or 4 minutes we saw a flash. I never saw anything like it at home. 7th Nov --- On course with a strong fair wind at about 10 knots. 8th Nov --- Last night the vessel heaved a great deal preventing many of us from sleeping. 9th Nov --- About 5 o'clock in the evening passed the island of Madeira, but kept out of sight. 10th Nov --- We have now entered the North East trade winds and may expect steady sailing for 3 or 4 weeks at least. We are getting up studding sails to assist our motion. The thermometer was 73, as warm as the hottest summer day at home. 11th Nov --- Every day is now nearly the same. 12th Nov --- Continuation of fine weather. 13th Nov --- The thermometer is 80 degrees today. During the evening a light was seen passing across our stern and was quickly out of sight. The Captain thought it was the light of a steam boat as it passed from west to northeast, the course from New York to England. Very probably it was the "Great Western" or "British Queen". Before many years I hope to see a steamer as large as any afloat trading between Australia and Britain. And also if ever it be my lot to return to the land of my nativity may it be in a quick sailing steamer, not a lagging Barque like ours. 14th Nov --- Some of the cabin passengers are beginning to take baths by means of throwing buckets full of water over the body. There was a vessel in sight all day on our starboard bow. We gradually neared her in the evening, the Captain hailed her and received an answer that she was the "Neptune" bound from Liverpool to Valparaisa in South America. 15th Nov --- 3 or 4 Cabin passengers have slept on the deck these last 2 nights. 16th Nov --- We are getting near the Cape Verd Islands & and expect to get in sight early tomorrow morning. Flying fish were seen for the first time today.They fly in flocks of about 100 but never further than 15 feet, generally from the top of one wave to another. 17th Nov --- After 9 o'clock I saw the nearest of the Cape Verd on our starboard bow.It was about 50 miles distant and appeared like a cloud rising out of the ocean. During the day we were abreast of the island which bore away to the west about 10 miles. The name of the island is St Vincent. Farther on another island appeared in sight which in the evening appeared a great deal more visible. 18th Nov --- On looking astern this morning the last island that we came to "Benavista" was out of sight except for a blue appearance like a cloud. Before 12 o'clock the largest of the group "St Jago" made its appearance. At 4 o'clock we were so near that houses on the shore could be seen. The Captain intended stopping here as fruit & C being remarkably cheap. 19th Nov --- About 8 o'clock St Jago was within a mile , but not having the chain cable ready for putting out we turned the ship again and stood away. We entered a small bay with 3 vessels at anchor and the town of St Jago stretched in fine appearance above it. We were not permitted to land immediately, the Governor wishing to have the ship & crew inspected dreading some infectious disease. The inspector remained about half an hour going through every part of the ship with the Captain. Being satisfied that all was correct, he and his crew departed. Boats came alongside bartering old clothes for fruit. Among the first I purchased were 100 large oranges for 2/0. On taking them down to my berth I found a deficiency of 25, I had been grossly cheated. Later in the day I went ashore in a boat. We walked into town where the inhabitants were standing at the door of every house glaring at us with curiosity. I went into one house being invited by the woman at the door. The inside seemed very clean & neat and 2 or 3 women were sitting sewing dressed, in printed cotton with red cotton handkerchiefs tied around their heads instead of caps. We then went to the hotel for dinner. Going through the hall into the dining room we looked into the kitchen & there saw the black cook with a massive chain round his middle and legs preparing our meal. We learned that he had run away and his master having caught him after a good deal of pursuit loaded him with irons to prevent him committing the like offence in future. The poor slave appeared not to feel his situation much working busily at his employment. No matter how it appeared, I had left Britain, the land of liberty, behind me & now for the first time in my existence I beheld a slave in his chains. 20th Nov --- Running all night at 7 1/2 knots all traces of land are vanished. 21st Nov --- We are now 10 degrees off the line & the weather is getting warmer every day. 22nd Nov --- We are getting along very steadily in the trades which in a few days we will leave. 23rd Nov --- We are now 8 degrees off the line which we expect to reach in a week. 24th Nov ---- We have now got out of the trade winds into the variables & as this latitude is subject at this season to heavy rains it commenced this morning pouring most tremendously. 25th Nov --- We saw a homeward bound brig but she is too far off to signalize. If she were at hand the Captain would send our letters home by her. 26th Nov --- We got up to another vessel this morning. She was the "St Helena" bound from Liverpool to Table Bay at the Cape of Good Hope. 27th Nov --- Squally with rain. The ship running SSW. 30th Nov --- This morning a large ship was seen which proved to be the "Adelaide" from London to Adelaide and Sydney, out 52 days. 1st Dec --- Running south west direct for the American coast of Brazil , in fact we are not more than 500 miles from it. 2nd Dec --- We crossed the line last night about 2 o'clock, none of the passengers were up. 3rd Dec ---- We are now entered the S.E. trade wind & steering South West running parallel to the coast. Running on average 120 miles /day. 4th Dec --- Spoke to a vessel the "Competitor" from Liverpool to Sydney, out 45 days. Her longitude was 29.30 while ours was 31.35. 7th Dec --- This morning 2 homeward bound vessels passed us. 8th Dec --- Rained at intervals all day. Meals are much more regular now. Breakfast at 9, dinner at 12 to 4 and tea at 8. 9th Dec --- Good breeze going 8 knots. Expect to reach Tristandacund in 9 days where we intend calling for water and fresh provisions. 10th Dec --- Last night we past the island of Tinadada bearing West. It was seen in the distance. 11th Dec --- Our longitude today is 28.30 so that we are within 600 miles of Rio de Janeiro. We crossed the Tropic of Capricorn today. 12th Dec --- This morning for an hour or two we were almost becalmed not making more than a mile. 14th Dec --- Very soon now we will get into the latitude of the Cape. I feel the air getting cooler every day as we go farther south so I am quit sleeping on deck. We are about 600 miles from Tristandachuna and if we continue at our present rate of sailing may expect to reach Adelaide in 7 weeks. 15th Dec --- We are now left the S East trade wind and left the variables. Our course is now South East direct for the island. 16th Dec --- The wind is against us now making us steer to the south; so that if we continue on this course we will pass Tristandachuna many leagues to the south. Mr Robinson sitting on the main top threw down the remains of his cigar. It fell on Mr Mills quilt which had been spread on hay over the long boat to dry. A good sized hole was burned in it before it was discovered. It was very fortunate the hay did not take fire as, if it did, in all probability the ship would have been burned or at least some of the sails. On board ship fire should be greatly guarded against as in the middle of the ocean it is hard escaping from the ship in an open boat if fire commences. 17th Dec --- The ship is put about on the other tack standing South West with the wind from the South so that when we reach the latitude of Tristan da Chuna we may turn the ships head & run due East down on it. 18th Dec --- The wind is rather cold now although the thermometer is 68, about summer heat in Ireland. 19th Dec --- This morning almost a dead calm. A great number of albatross are flying around the ship. 20th Dec --- A shark was caught today which was cut in pieces and a good deal of it fried for breakfast. 21st Dec --- We are steering South east having to make a degree and a half of Southing as the island lies latitude 38. Our longitude is 14 West, latitude 36.30. 22nd Dec --- When coming on deck in the morning Tristan Da Chuna could be seen above a misty cloud on the horizon about 20 miles distant. About 10 miles to the right appeared another island called the Inaccessible island. The number of persons on the island were 63 of which 40 were children. The Captain and some of the crew went ashore but determined that he could not water without being detained 3 or 4 days and not without a good deal of risk determined to do with what he had till he should reach Adelaide. We then took advantage of the fine breeze and stood away to the Eastward at the rate of 7 knots an hour. We soon left her out of sight and by 8 o'clock Tristan da Chuna could scarcely be seen. We hope to reach the Cape in 10 days. 23rd Dec--- Steering South East for the purpose of weathering the Cape as if we were to sail due East we would pass too near the shore and would be more liable to suffer from winds and currents than if we kept a good offing. On general vessels for Australia pass the Cape at the distance of 600 miles. By this means they have every probability of meeting a fair strong westerly breeze which blow from this direction 9 months of the year. 25th Dec --- This is Christmas day. How different from what it was at home in Ireland. There very likely there is frost and snow. 26th Dec --- There is a fine breeze sending us nearly 10 miles an hour. The waves are very high following us like mountains. 28th Dec --- Last night a woman of the name of Sutcliffe, steerage gave birth to a fine boy. 31st Dec --- This is the last day of the year 1839. Most of the passengers did not go to bed until after 12 when the Captain went round all the cabin berths taking a bottle of whiskey along with him, out of which he gave everyone a glass. 1st Jan 1840 --- This day is almost calm. We are off the Cape in the same longitude about 200 miles from land, but at present because of the force of the current running round the Cape at the rate of 5 knots an hour and the want of wind, we are making leeway and drifting to the North West. 3rd Jan --- There is very little wind today so that with the strong current we are making very little way. We are steering South East to make up for our making lee way to the North. There is a great swell in the sea caused by the meeting of the INDIAn and Atlantic oceans round the Cape. The current is caused by the same reason. 4th Jan --- I hear we were driven 60 miles out of our course by the current but we will very soon get out of its influence. The vessel that we saw on the 2nd is still in sight but to the windward of us. She seems to be nearly as good a sailer as we are. 7th Jan --- We were going 9 & 10 knots all night & continued at the same rate all day. The wind is direct aft which causes the ship to roll very much. It is very unpleasant, the only thing that cheers us up is the hope of soon getting to Adelaide, which will take 3 weeks only if the present fine breeze continues. 10th Jan --- Our longitude is 41, which subtracted from the 138, the longitude of Adelaide, leaves 97 degrees or about 3 weeks sailing. 17th Jan --- The Captain informed us that the latitude was 39 and the longitude 69. It is quite calm this morning, not a breath of wind. The Captain wishing to get a view of the "INDIA" from the water lowered the boat & together 5 or 6 rowed about a quarter of a mile off. Some of them having gone out with the intention of bathing. Those stripped and leaped in. The Captain took a swim with the rest at which he is very adept. 18th Jan --- Our longitude is 73 & we expect to make the island St Pauls tomorrow evening as it is at 78 degrees. I hear it is said that the Captain has promised to let us all on shore if the wind permits and take a days amusement ambling through the island. The whole ships crew are to go - Ladies & steerage passengers. I was reading today in "Bligh narrative" of the mutiny of the Bounty an account of his stopping at the island and visiting the boiling spring. 19th Jan--- We got up to another vessel this morning and spoke to her. She was the "Sovereign" bound from Liverpool to Hobart Town & Sydney. 20th Jan --- Spoke to another vessel this morning, the "Frances" bound from Rio to Swan River. She informed us that she had seen land and that we were past it. Our latitude was a little astray. All our expectations of enjoyment on shore are all fled and we must be contented to stop on board until we reach our destination. 23rd Jan --- The arms belonging to the ship were bought on deck to be cleaned. They consist of 6 muskets with bayonets, 6 swords and 6 pistols. 24th Jan --- The longitude is 95.20. 26th Jan --- We were running 10 knots during the night & today are making 9. The longitude is 100.0. 29th Jan --- After tea the Piper was bought on the poop and dancing commenced. Half an hour of dancing tired most of them as the air was too sultry for exercise. 1st Feb --- At 9 o'clock several of us had retired to the cabin door to take shelter from a very heavy shower of rain. This afterwards turned to hail which came battering against the deck as large as small marbles. Thunder by this time had arrived overhead and peal after peal was heard. We all grew rather frightened. As last one dreadful crash came it seemed as if all the elements had united and put forth all their strength to strike a decisive blow on the devoted ship. If all the artillery in the universe had been discharged at once I think the noise could scarcely have been greater. A flash of lightning accompanied it so powerful and near that all of us felt the shock. I suppose it could be called a thunderbolt as it flew along the deck like a ball of fire. 2nd Feb --- Our longitude today was 111.10 degrees. 27 will take us to Adelaide. 3rd Feb --- We are steering East by North and saw a barque standing an opposite course. The Captain said that in all probability she was a vessel that could not procure a cargo in Sydney and was now steering for Calcutta. He said that very likely in a month he would be in the same predicament. Our longitude is 115 and latitude 36. We are only 45 miles from land and if the day were a little clearer we might see it. 4th Feb --- This morning at 4 o'clock I was awakened by someone shouting land to be seen. I went on deck where the sight of the promised land met my delighted eyes. We could see a whole stretch of coast for about 30 miles, but blue and indistinct. At 8 o'clock the land was out of sight. The longitude is 117. Just when I had done dinner I heard that 2 boats were seen ahead capturing a whale. I scanned the horizon for some minutes and at last I saw 2 sails ahead. Between them white foam could be seen. On coming up we found that they had harpooned a whale about 50 long and were pulling it along with a line from the stern. From my position almost above it as we passed I could see its shape quite distinctly. I believe it is of the sperm species and might be worth from 80 to 100 pounds sterling. About 6 o'clock the view of land became distinct, the most Easterly part is off King Georges Sound. We could distinguish several fires on shore, very likely caused by some whaling parties boiling the blubber. Our distance from land is 15 or 20 miles. During the evening I entered into a conversation with the sailmaker who gave an account of his last voyage on a ship not as good as the "INDIA". This account of the sailmaker gave me a much better opinion of our vessel than I had before. Now we had never during any wind more than 8 or 9 inches of water on the deck with the exception of the time that the lower board of the bulwarks was taken off while passing the Cape. I often wondered at this as from reading narratives of voyages to Australia I was lead to expect that often the sea would come sweeping over the sides splashing against the cabin door and inundating the whole place. Now I never was wet more than once, and some people on board never had a wet foot since entering the vessel. Along with the good quality of being dry the "INDIA" is an excellent sailer and on the whole is a first rate ship. 5th Feb --- This morning I could see several islands bearing North from us about 10 miles off. we could see the mainland beyond the islands and also a long white foam between 2 of the islands. 6th Feb --- During the night the ship had put about and we were steering direct South with the wind from the East. The most of us seem rather disappointed with the delay as we had expected to reach Adelaide tomorrow. The Captain is employed today painting the figurehead. It represents an INDIAn of Calcutta with turban on his head, a red mantle thrown over his shoulders and Morocco slippers turned up at the toes. 7th Feb --- This morning almost calm but still on the wrong course. At 10 o'clock there were some symptoms of a fair southerly wind. For a long time the ship would not obey the helm, but at last when the breeze freshened a little she wore round and lay within a point of her course east by North. 9th Feb --- At 8 o'clock the breeze was getting stronger and some of the studding sails were taken down. Indeed if we were not running before the wind we could not carry half so much sail and some of them would be reefed. 10th Feb --- This morning I went on deck, the breeze was so strong that our skysails and royals were furled. We expect to reach Adelaide on the 13th. The distance is 450 miles. 11th Feb --- We are going on course close hauled; but so very slowly that 1 knot an hour is our utmost speed. 12th Feb --- This is the day we should have been on shore, instead of that we are becalmed 450 miles from port. 13th Feb --- At breakfast the wind increased. Our top gallant sails were furled the wind blowing hard. 14th Feb --- On account of our detention some of the ships stores are getting low. There is not as much sugar in the ship as will last 3 days. The potatoes are almost finished. 15th Feb --- Still on a wrong course sometimes going North and at others South. On the forenoon a swallow was seen, as this was a sign land was near it helped keep up our spirits. 16th Feb --- Our top gallant sails are furled and on account of the heavy head sea we are not making more than 4 knots. 17th Feb --- This morning at 4 o'clock I was lying awake when suddenly the ship began to slope greatly so that I was almost thrown out of bed. During this there was a great noise of wind on deck then a dreadful crash was heard and someone called out the masts were gone. Immediately I went up the hatchway and there saw that the main top mast and fore top masts were over the side together with yard sails and rigging. The squall had come on when the wind was veering and had not been observed till about a minute before it commenced. The boatswain had just come on deck to begin his watch, when seeing the approaching danger, went to the Captains room to tell him of it. He received the order to let go of the top sail halyards and clew up the mainsail. While in the act of performing the last order the gale had blown the ship nearly on her beam ends so that the water was running on the deck and before the sailmaker could let go the halyards the masts were gone. The men in a short time after the accident began to clear away the rigging and haul in the spars and yards. I together with most of the passengers assisted as well as we could. 18th Feb --- In the morning we were going 2 knots an hour on our course. By breakfast time there was a jury mast erected on the main mast. In the evening the new fore top mast was hauled into place by means of the windlass at which we all assisted. The mate informed me that the storm we had was called a white squall, always sudden and severe and without means of precaution being taken beforehand, the loss of masts is inevitable. At 12 o'clock today we were 130 miles from Kangaroo Island. 19th Feb --- By the Captains calculation at 8 o'clock we were 65 miles from Kangaroo Island. 20th Feb --- In the evening we entered Investigators Straits keeping Kangaroo Island 8 miles to windward. 21 Feb --- After breakfast in the morning we were within a mile of Kangaroo Island and could see distinctly the bold rocky shore. In a couple of hours after we saw another island belonging to the group of Althorpe. Beyond this several smaller ones appeared and the mainland was dimly visible on the horizon beyond. The INDIA arrived in Port Adelaide on 23 February 1840 the pencil record ends ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The journal consists of 71 handwritten pages describing the events of the voyage and details of life on board. Copy of the journal held by the University of Melbourne Archives. (119 Barry Street, Carlton, Victoria, 3053 Australia) The University of Melbourne Archives has kindly granted permission to include a precis of the journal on this web site. 
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